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| Locomotion & tidal rhythms, burrowing, & celestial navigation | ||||||
Amphipods locomote by walking, jumping, and swimming. Many semiterrestrial beachhopper species burrow. Navigation of beachhoppers is done by orientation to the sun and moon. |
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| Locomotion & tidal rhythms | ||||||
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| Topics on locomotion & tidal rhythms, burrowing, & celestial navigation include locomotion & tidal rhythms, considered here, and BURROWING and CELESTIAL NAVIGATION considered elsewhere. | ||||||
Research study 1 |
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Jumping in sandhoppers is a combination of balance and flexing of the abdomen. The animal first balances on its 3rd periopods, then turns its abdomen under and presses its 3rd uropods and telson into the sand. At this point the 4th and 5th periopods are parallel to, but not touching, the ground. The abdomen suddenly flexes and straightens, and the amphipod is propelled into the air. The 1st and 2nd uropods, and 4th and 5th periopods, together act as shock absorbers to cushion the landing. Small-sized Megalorchestia can jump half a meter or more in distance, but larger animals are less agile. Original photograph courtesy Ingrid Taylar, Seattle, Washington and FREE QUARK. A simulation of a jump based on the above description: |
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Research study 2 |
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If collected and kept in an aquarium tank in the laboratory, the amphipods exhibit the same tidal-rhythm of activity (see graphs on Left). However, the pattern persists in the laboratory for only a short time and mostly attenuates within 72h. Interestingly, if animals are placed in sand-filled trays anchored subtidally to the substratum or attached subtidally on a pier, the rhythm is either not present or has a cycle different from the natural tide cycle. The same is true for specimens in sand-filled trays suspended 1m below the water surface, and for ones contained in soft, compressible) plastic bottles either anchored to the sea bottom or floating at the surface. The results of these and other experiments cause the author to reject the hypothesis that tidal changes in hydrostatic pressure represent the proximal stimulus for the activity rhythm.
NOTE in earlier papers the author shows that Americhelidium responds to even small changes in hydrostatic pressure (0.01atm) in a laboratory flask by rapid scrambling and darting about. The accompanying graph shows an example of responses to a pressure change of 37mb, equivalent to about 0.04atm. Note that the activity response falls off within a few seconds of application of the continuous pressure stimulus. |
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